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Crack-cocaine users tend to develop severe pattern of dependence in a very short period of time. Treatment and preventive programs should take these factors into account when designing and implementing community interventions.Ĭrack-cocaine use, and other forms of smokable cocaine, is a serious public health problem that affects virtually all countries across the Americas and some nations in Central and Eastern Europe. ConclusionsĮarly onset of crack-cocaine use seems to be associated with exposure to family conflict, easy access to drugs and deviant behavior. In the multivariate model, perceptions related to ease of access of illicit drugs (marijuana: p = 0.028, 95% CI = − 3.81, − 0.22 crack-cocaine: p < 0.001, 95% CI = − 7.40, − 4.90), and deviant behavior (threatening someone with a gun: p = 0.028, 95% CI = − 2.57, − 0.14) remained independent predictors of early age of crack-cocaine initiation. Presence of family conflict ( p = 0.002), maltreatment ( p = 0.016), and deviant behavior prior to age 15 in a bivariate analysis predicted an earlier age of crack-cocaine initiation, whereas adolescents experiencing parental monitoring during adolescence started use later ( p < 0.001). A structured interview assessed life-time exposure to risk and protective factors for drug use, such as parental monitoring in childhood, deviant behaviors and peer pressure. This cross-sectional study enrolled a consecutive sample of 577 patients admitted to 20 therapeutic communities located in Southern Brazil, between September 2012 and September 2013. Crack-cocaine users are usually embedded in a context of great social vulnerability, often associated with violence, poverty, family conflict and easy and early access to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Topaz Video Enhance AI 2.4.0 RePack – (2.Crack-cocaine dependence is a serious public health issue, related to several psychiatric and psychosocial problems. ![]() ![]() Risk 2 full download crack crack#License: ShareWare Topaz Video Enhance AI 2.4.0 Crack – (3 Gb)
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